Oriental Institute Journal, 2019, №43 (3)
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HISTORY
UDC 930.23+94(5) doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/6-20
Sergey Yu. VRADIY Stone Stele at Muravyinaya Bay
The two-side stele inscribed with a廟誌 miao zhi, temple gazetteer, written in over 450 traditional Chinese characters and dated to 1894 was found in recent years at Tavayza (Тавайза, aka.大崴 子Dawaizi); it’s a bay about 60 km away from Vladivostok. This stone receives no attention from researchers; the temple itself has unfortunately gone. The author had the luck to read the stele and found out that it was dedicated to a 天后廟 Tianhou Miao, Temple of “Empress of Heaven”, an official title conferred to Mazu 媽祖 in 1737. Mazu is of the most well-known Chinese goddess that has the greatest population of believers mostly among Sinophere and overseas Chinese. Her worship spread across China’s coastal regions and overseas Chinese communities throughout Southeast Asia, but one may not expect to see Mazu temple in a north land as remote as Vladivostok, Russia. This article introduces the background of stele discovery, and transcribes the gazetteer with word-for-word translation into Russian. From messages revealed in the context and clues of the remains, the author examines possible connection of this unique case to historical facts that happened in the time around the temple’s establishment. By bringing up preliminary exploration, this article intends to put forward more academic discourses, recovering a forgotten page of Mazu belief circulation around the world and the 19th century Chinese community in the Russian Far East.
Key words: 19th century, Russian Far East, Chinese community, Mazu temple, stele
UDC 94(571.6) doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/21-31
The article deals with the last months of Nikolay Remezov, wellknown in the Russian Far East as a writer, journalist and public figure. He inscribed his name in the history of Vladivostok having taken an uncompromising position during the revolutionary events of 1905–1906. His newspaper was closed, and he himself served a prison sentence for it. However, his subsequent life is covered rather sparingly in the literature. It is known that he worked as a manager of city pawnshop for several years and died of heart disease. The majority of researchers even indicate incorrectly the year and date of his death (1915, instead of the correct 1914). The article based on the archival documents of the Vladivostok City Council, newspaper chronicles and obituaries tells the story of Remezov’s last conflict with the city council because of the financial issue. The causes of the conflict were the poor work of the revision committee and the complex nature of Remezov, who had many enemies. It is shown that the financial claims and personal insults did not allow Remezov to get a leave for treatment and led to his death on November, 11 (24), 1914.
Key words: Vladivostok, municipal government, public life, newspapers, N. Remezov
UDC 94 doi: dx.doi.org/10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/32-45
Ilya V. BATUEV Norodom Sihanouk: Royal Crusade for Independence
The article examines the crucial period in the history of Cambodia beginning with the Japanese coup d’état in Indochina on March 9, 1945 up to the declaration of Cambodia’s independence from France on November 9, 1953. It focuses principally on political activities of King Norodom Sihanouk (1922–2012) during the struggle for independence from France in 1946–1953. Centered on the memoirs of the king, evidence-based publications, and official documents of the era, the article offers a perspective on the political process and the historical context that took place in the Kingdom of Cambodia after the World War II. The impact of Sihanouk’s personality is evaluated, and the reasons for the success of his campaign are examined. Conclusions reveal the adept strategy picked by the young king, his bold use of PR campaigning, and his ability to tip the political balance in his favour being the major factors of success in his “Royal crusade for independence”. This article is prepared for the 66th anniversary of the Independence of Cambodia, celebrated on November 9, 2019.
Key words: Cambodia, Norodom Sihanouk, national independence, French Indochina, Meigo Sakusen
CULTURE STUDIES
UDC 930:355/359.07 doi: dx. doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/46-68
Evgeniya S. KIRSANOVA Morskoye Cemetery: about Memory and Oblivion
The article is devoted to the memorial site of the Vladivostok Morskoye cemetery as a commemoration place of the city in line with the P. Nora’s concept of places of memory. The role of the cemetery in the formation of the collective identity of citizens by preserving the memory of the past for previous generations is revealed. A brief historical reference of the Morskoye cemetery is given. Its features as a historical necropolis are listed. The concepts of «place of memory» and «place of oblivion» are defined. As examples illustrating these concepts, the most significant burials at the Morskoye cemetery associated with the period of prerevolutionary history of Vladivostok and with the 1920–1930-ies of the Soviet power – the period of domination of anti-religious sentiments and active destruction of pre-revolutionary burials are given. Cases of change in people’s attitudes to places of memory in different historical periods are considered. The attitude of the modern Russian society to provincial necropolises is indicated.
Key words: Vladivostok, Morskoye cemetery, historical necropolis, places of memory, places of oblivion, collective memory, monuments, gravestones
LINGUISTICS
UDC 811.521 doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/69-77
The article explores the features of medical slang used in Japanese hospitals, using medical slang of emergency departments as an example. The main source of the information in this article is an interview that was conducted with the participation of emergency department nurses from Kansai region in Japan. With the help of the interview survey 98 slang expressions were collected and analyzed. The author introduces the examples of medical slang in the Japanese language and points out its origin in medical terminology touching upon the existence of many kinds of loanwords borrowed from the German language. The methods of medical slang formation are mentioned as well. According to the analysis results, medical slang in the Japanese language can mainly be formed with the help of shortening, deformation of loanwords from foreign languages and using metaphors. Also, the author pays attention to the spheres of medical slang usage in Japanese hospitals. In fact, it was revealed that medical slang used in Japanese hospitals is related to disease names and its symptoms, medical treatment, medicine and chemical substances, body parts, death and after death care, patients, equipersonal power of H. Choybalsan, and also settling of personal scores in the struggle for power.
Key words: Japan, the Japanese language, professional communication, the language of medicine, substandard lexicon, medical slang, medical jargon
UDC 811.581 doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/78-97
The article focuses on the vocabulary scope of the term system analyzed as well as on the interaction of the former with General English. Such phenomena as polysemy and synonymy are singled out, characterized, and illustrated. Special attention is given to the term-formation means and their efficiency, with a great number of examples to show the variety of the means of term formation. The second way of expanding the term system under study – borrowings from other languages – is also described. Borrowed terms are classified according to the ways of their penetration into Chinese (loan translations, or semantic borrowings, loan blends, and phonological calques). The authors argue that one of the latest tendencies in the Chinese language is letter and digit borrowings, which are typical for the term system covered in the research, particularly in the field of digital design. Examples of neologisms with a combination of letter and semantic borrowings are provided.
Key words: Fine arts, graphic design, system of terminology, lexical features, word formation methods, borrowings
POLICY
UDC 94(517) doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/98-109
The article is devoted to the analysis of a wide range of Russian-Mongolian relations. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of political relations, taking into account the radical changes that occurred after the collapse of the socialist system and the beginning of democratic transformations. The prospects for the development of bilateral relations at the level of a comprehensive strategic partnership, the formation and development of a new mechanism of cooperation are identified. Russia and Mongolia have close and trusting relationships, a centuries-old history based on friendship and mutual respect. For a long time the USSR consistently acted as a guarantor of the preservation of Mongolian independence and statehood. One of the momentous events in the history of both states was a common victory at Khalkhin Gol. In the early 1990s a new stage in Russian-Mongolian relations began, based on friendly relations and cooperation. Russian-Mongolian relations at the present stage are multilateral and comprehensive in nature, based on cooperation in the political, trade, economic, investment, financial, educational, military-technical and cultural spheres.
Key words: Russia, Mongolia, strategic partnership, cross-border cooperation, trade and economic relations.
UDC 327(510+470)+502.1 doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/110-115
Northeast China borders Russia, about 4300 kilometers away from Russia. The Heilongjiang river basin is China’s third largest river with abundant water resources and an important area for the economic development of the two countries. The region faces huge impacts from human activity. Strengthening crossborder environmental cooperation between China and Russia, coordinating environmental protection and development, and promoting regional environmental health are the common goals and long-term interests of the two countries. At present, China and Russia mainly cooperate in the following areas: maintaining cooperation in environmental monitoring, working together to protect biodiversity in border areas, establishing cross-border nature reserves, developing ecological education cooperation, providing exchange and discussion of ecological information. In the future, there will be broad prospects for cross-border environmental cooperation between China and Russia.
Key words: China, Russia, The Amur river (Heilongjiang), environmental cooperation, environmental protection, cross-boundary nature reserve, ecological education
ACADEMIC MESSAGES
UDC 339.92 doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/116-122
The article analyzes the results of the Russia-Republic of Korea business dialogue held at the site of the 5th Eastern Economic Forum on September 5, 2019. The authors focus on the problems of Russian-Korean cooperation in the field of trade and investment, as well as formulate possible solutions to them based on the results discussions. The prospects of Russian-Korean economic cooperation are outlined, taking into account the tasks set for the medium term.
Key words: EEF, Russia, Republic of Korea, Investments, FTA, Russian-Korean economic cooperation, shipbuilding
ARCHIVE
UDC 378.(571.6) doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/123-132
The article focuses on the formation of a fundamentally new higher education institution in the Far East of the Russian Empire. This was the Institute of Oriental Studies in Vladivostok. It is the first time that the letters of the Director of this Institute Alexei Matveyevich Pozdneyev (1899–1903) to his colleague at the Imperial St. Petersburg University, Professor I. V. Pomyalovsky, and to his immediate superior, Priamursky Governor-General N. I. Grodekov are given for publication. The correspondence recreates the flavor of the local situation, which caused a moral and psychological shock to A. M. Pozdneev. The content of the letters allows seeing and appreciating the hard work done in the shortest possible time by the staff of the Institute of Oriental Studies headed by Professor A. M. Pozdneyev. They completed the construction of the educational building, formed the teaching staff, speaking Chinese, Korean, Japanese and other Oriental languages. All of them had knowledge about the countries of Asian East. The teaching staff organized the educational process and scientific research, as well as created a library and information base. They developed dozens of new lectures and practical courses, not previously taught at any of the Russian universities. So, they implemented numerous assignments of the central and regional authorities.
Key words: A. M. Pozdneyev, epistolary heritage, Oriental Studies Institute in Vladivostok, history of Russian oriental studies
UDC 94(510)(47+57)(09) doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/133-140
For the first time this article offers a unique historical document of the wartime, namely, a letter to Vladivostok written by Rudolf Vyatkin to his University Professor-Sinologist Apollinariy Vasilievich Rudakov. Analyzing the content of the letter, the author emphasizes his main thoughts. First, he focuses on the work and study of the graduate of Far Eastern State University in Moscow (1943–1944). The next idea is an indirect evidence of A. V. Rudakov’s desire to move to another city in the country and continue to work there practicing his profession. According to the author, the constrained living conditions in Vladivostok were the main reason for A. V. Rudakov to sell a part of his rich library.
Key words: history of Russian Sinology, Far Eastern University, Professor-Sinologist Apollinariy Vasilievich Rudakov, Sinologist Rudolf Vsevolodovich Vyatkin, epistolary heritage
OIJ CLUB
doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/141-149
In 1889, a unique educational institution – the Oriental Institute – was established in Vladivostok. In the first decades of the 20th century it became one of the world’s leading schools in the study of countries and peoples of the Far East. Although no courses on the study of fiction of the Far East were taught at the Oriental Institute, students and teachers were actively engaged in its translation. Following this Imperial era tradition of the Oriental Institute, we offer to the readers of “Oriental Institute Journal” two translations of Japanese literature masterpieces made by the students of Oriental Institute - School of Regional and International Studies of Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) during the training sessions on the Theory and Practice of Translation. A third-year student of the Department of Japanese Studies A. Fedotova presented the best (out of 20 student works) translation of the story of the Japanese writer Miyamoto Teru “Stop on the Way” («途中一車»), and the thirdyear students of the FEFU Military Training Center (O. Grebnev, I. Kazantsev, A. Kaidalov, V. Kim, A. Kolesnikov) translated Abe Kobo’s story “Suitcase” («鞄») in the form of joint work on the Translation Practice course. The original Japanese texts were taken from the Japanese language textbook日本文化を読む 上級学習者向け日本語教材(The Japanese Language Textbook for Advanced Level Students. Reading Japanese Culture), compiled by D. Nishihara, M. Inoue, D. Yoshida in 2008 (first edition) and republished in 2018 (seventh edition) by Tokyo Publishing House “ARKA”.
doi: dx.doi.org/ 10.24866/2542-1611/2019-3/150-160
Ivan Yu. ZUENKO Chinese club in Kontinental Hockey League: does the project have a future?
The author continues his series of articles about the development of mass and professional sport in China. In the fourth article the author puts the focus on the topic of Chinese ice hockey that is still an exotic. Due to the development of partner relations with Russia – a great ice hockey power and stereotypes about the prospects of the Chinese market, Chinese franchise appeared in KHL – one of two major ice hockey professional leagues in the world. During the first three seasons it failed to get any success in sports or commercial components. The logic of existence and development of the team is in political sphere, so that the project can be stopped any moment. Meanwhile, the development of professional ice hockey in China with the possibility of integration into high-level post-Soviet leagues could have gone in a different scenario if the project took place in one of the cities of North-East China with old ice hockey traditions rather than in Beijing or Shanghai.
Key words: China, ice hockey, professional sport, Kontinental Hockey League, soft power